20 Must-See Birds of Hawaii You Have to Know About!

The birds of Hawaii are some of the most unique and vibrant in the world. From colorful honeycreepers to majestic seabirds, the Hawaiian Islands are home to a variety of fascinating species. In this guide, we’ll introduce you to 21 remarkable birds of Hawaii, highlighting their distinctive traits, habitats, and behaviors.

Must-See Birds of Hawaii

Black-crowned Night Heron

The Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) is one of Hawaii’s most recognizable and widespread wading birds. Known locally as the ʻaukuʻu, it ranks as the second most abundant waterbird in the islands and is commonly found on Oʻahu, Kauaʻi, and Maui.

With its stocky build and slightly hunched posture, this heron may seem unassuming at first glance. But don’t be fooled—it’s a remarkably adaptable hunter. These birds thrive in a wide range of habitats, including ponds, rivers, wetlands, marshes, swamps, and even forested areas. Their ability to relocate when conditions change makes them especially resilient in Hawaii’s ever-shifting landscapes.

Most active at dawn and dusk, the black-crowned night heron feeds on fish, frogs, insects, and will sometimes scavenge carrion or leftovers from other animals. This flexible and opportunistic diet helps explain their success and broad distribution across the islands.

Quick Facts

Cattle Egret

The Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) is a familiar sight in Hawaii, often seen strutting through grassy fields or perched near livestock. Though it may look at home on the islands, this bird is not native to Hawaii. It was introduced in the 1950s to help control insect populations, particularly those around grazing animals.

The Cattle Egret has since spread widely across the islands. You’ll often see them foraging near cattle, horses, and even lawnmowers, taking advantage of disturbed insects. Their ability to adapt to human-altered landscapes has helped them flourish far beyond their original range.

These egrets are highly opportunistic and have learned to thrive in open habitats that many native birds avoid, making them one of the more visible species throughout the islands. Despite their helpful role in pest control, some conservationists have raised concerns about their potential impact on native ecosystems and wetland habitats.

Quick Facts

Related Post: 52 Fun Facts About Cattle Egrets (with Photos, ID & Info)

Northern Cardinal

The Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) is a striking red songbird that was introduced to Hawaii in the late 1920s. Now commonly found on Oʻahu, Kauaʻi, and Hawaiʻi Island, it’s easily recognized by its bold coloring and clear, whistled calls. Males are bright red with a black mask, while females are tan with red accents.

Although not native to Hawaii, this bird has adapted well to gardens, forest edges, and parks. Cardinals feed on seeds, fruits, and insects, often visiting feeders and singing from treetops. Their colorful presence and melodic song have made them popular with birdwatchers.

As an introduced species, the Northern Cardinal may compete with native birds for food and habitat. Still, their beauty and charm make them one of the most familiar and well-loved birds across the islands.

Quick Facts

Related Post:

• Best Birdhouse for Cardinals 2022 (Tested And Rated)
• 10 Best Bird Feeders for Cardinals (Rated for 2022)
• Where Are Cardinals Found? Best Spots to Look!

Red-crested Cardinal

The Red-crested Cardinal (Paroaria coronata) is a striking bird that was introduced to Hawaii from South America. Known for its vibrant red head and chest, this bird has become a popular sight across the islands, especially on Oʻahu and Kauaʻi. Males are easily recognizable by their bright red plumage, while females have a more subdued color palette but still carry the distinctive red crest.

Originally native to regions of Brazil, this bird has adapted well to Hawaii’s environment, thriving in urban gardens, parks, and coastal areas. The Red-crested Cardinal feeds on seeds, fruits, and occasionally small insects, making it an adaptable and opportunistic feeder. Their presence at feeders and their lively, sharp calls make them a favorite among birdwatchers.

As an introduced species, the Red-crested Cardinal competes with native Hawaiian birds for resources, although it has not been as widely controversial as some other non-native species. Still, its colorful presence adds beauty and variety to the Hawaiian bird population.

Quick Facts

Gray Francolin

The Gray Francolin (Francolinus pondicerianus) is a hardy and adaptable bird that was introduced to Hawaii in the mid-20th century. Native to South Asia, particularly India and Pakistan, this bird has made a successful transition to Hawaii, where it is often found in lowland forests, grasslands, and agricultural areas. Its striking gray plumage with bold black and white markings makes it easy to spot, especially in open terrain.

This species thrives in Hawaii’s warm climate and feeds primarily on seeds, grains, and insects. The Grey Francolin is often seen foraging on the ground, using its strong legs to scratch at the soil in search of food. Its distinctive call is a loud, sharp “chirp,” often heard in the early mornings and evenings. Although not commonly seen in urban areas, the Gray Francolin is well-suited to rural and agricultural zones.

As an introduced species, the Gray Francolin is considered non-native to Hawaii. While it has adapted well, there is some concern that it may compete with native birds for food and space. Despite this, the bird’s resilience and adaptability have made it a stable and widespread part of Hawaii’s bird population.

Quick Facts

Zebra Dove

The Zebra Dove (Geopelia striata) is a small, graceful bird introduced to Hawaii in the early 1920s. Known for its distinctive striped plumage and soft cooing calls, it has become a common sight across the islands, especially in urban areas, parks, and gardens. Males are recognized for their striking black-and-white striped feathers on their necks, while females have a more muted coloration.

Native to Southeast Asia, the Zebra Dove adapted quickly to Hawaii’s climate and is now found throughout the islands. These doves primarily feed on seeds, grains, and small fruits, often foraging on the ground or visiting bird feeders. Their gentle nature and quiet demeanor make them a beloved species among birdwatchers.

Although non-native, Zebra Doves have integrated well into Hawaiian ecosystems. They tend to be less aggressive compared to other introduced species and coexist peacefully with native birds. Their presence adds a touch of elegance and calm to Hawaii’s birdlife.

Quick Facts

Related Post: Best Bird Feeder For Doves (Reviewed & Tested for 2022)

Hawaiian Stilt

The Hawaiian Stilt (Himantopus mexicanus knudseni) is a striking wading bird with long pink legs and contrasting black-and-white plumage. It’s an endemic subspecies found only in Hawaii, making it a rare and special sight across the islands, especially in wetlands and coastal lagoons. Its long legs—among the longest in proportion to body size of any bird—help it navigate shallow waters with ease.

These stilts are typically seen foraging in mudflats, fishponds, and marshes, where they feed on aquatic insects, small crustaceans, and worms. Their slender bills allow them to pick food from the surface or just below it. They are most active during the early morning and evening hours, often in small groups or loose flocks.

As a native and endangered bird, the Hawaiian Stilt faces ongoing threats from habitat loss, introduced predators, and rising sea levels. Conservation efforts have focused on restoring wetland habitats and protecting nesting areas to support this elegant species’ survival.

Quick Facts

Related Post: 26 Birds That Flock Together (With Photos, ID & Info!) 

Hawaiian Goose

The Hawaiian Goose (Branta sandvicensis), commonly known as the Nēnē, is Hawaii’s official state bird and a true conservation success story. This unique goose is found only in Hawaii, making it one of the rarest and most iconic native birds on the islands. Its name comes from the soft “nay-nay” sound it makes.

Adapted to the volcanic terrain and drier upland habitats of the islands, the Nēnē is well-suited to life away from wetlands—unlike most other geese. It feeds primarily on native grasses, leaves, and berries and is often seen walking rather than swimming, thanks to its partially webbed feet that help it navigate rugged lava fields and grasslands.

Once on the brink of extinction with fewer than 30 individuals in the wild by the 1950s, the Hawaiian Goose has rebounded through extensive conservation efforts. It can now be spotted on islands like Hawaiʻi, Maui, and Kauaʻi, though it remains a protected species and a symbol of Hawaii’s commitment to preserving its natural heritage.

Quick Facts

Common Mynah

The Common Mynah (Acridotheres tristis) is a highly adaptable bird that was introduced to Hawaii in the 1800s. Known for its striking yellow eye patches and noisy, chatty nature, this bird is now a common sight across the Hawaiian Islands, especially in urban areas. The Common Mynah’s dark brown plumage contrasts with its bright yellow beak and eye patches, making it easily identifiable.

Native to Asia, the Common Mynah has flourished in Hawaii due to its ability to thrive in a variety of habitats, including cities, parks, and agricultural areas. It feeds on a wide range of food, including fruits, seeds, insects, and scraps from human activity, making it highly opportunistic. Its vocalizations are loud and varied, adding to its presence in Hawaiian neighborhoods.

As an introduced species, the Common Mynah is considered invasive in Hawaii. It competes with native bird species for food and nesting sites, and its presence has raised concerns for local ecosystems. Despite this, the Common Mynah remains a familiar part of the island landscape.

Quick Facts

Hawaiian Hawk

The Hawaiian Hawk (Buteo solitarius), also known as the io, is a unique and striking raptor native to Hawaii. Known for its sharp hunting skills and keen eyesight, the Hawaiian Hawk is a symbol of the islands’ rich natural history. With a wingspan of about 3 feet, this bird of prey has a distinctive brown and white plumage that helps it blend into Hawaii’s forests, where it primarily resides.

Endemic to Hawaii, the Hawaiian Hawk is found exclusively on the Big Island, particularly in its forested highlands. It preys on small mammals, birds, and insects, often hunting from perches or soaring high above the treetops. As an apex predator, the io plays a key role in controlling the populations of smaller animals, helping to maintain the balance in its ecosystem.

While the Hawaiian Hawk is protected under state and federal laws due to its limited range and declining numbers, habitat loss and introduced predators such as rats pose significant threats to its survival. Conservation efforts are underway to help preserve this majestic bird and its Hawaiian home.

Quick Facts

Related Post: 32 Fun Facts About Hawks (with Photos & Details)

Japanese White-Eye

The Japanese White-Eye (Zosterops japonicus) is a small, active bird native to East Asia. Introduced to Hawaii in the early 1900s, this species has thrived in the islands, particularly on Oʻahu and Kauaʻi. Its bright green plumage, along with a distinctive white ring around its eyes, makes it a charming and recognizable sight. Despite its small size, the Japanese White-Eye is known for its lively, energetic nature.

The Japanese White-Eye has adapted well to Hawaii’s various habitats, from urban gardens and parks to forests. They primarily feed on nectar, small fruits, and insects, playing an important role in pollination as they move from plant to plant. Their social behavior and constant activity make them a favorite among birdwatchers.

As an introduced species, the Japanese White-Eye is considered non-native to Hawaii, but it has had little negative impact on local ecosystems. In fact, its presence adds a lively dynamic to the islands’ bird populations, even as it competes with native species for food.

Quick Facts

Hawaiian Petrel

The Hawaiian Petrel (Pterodroma sandwichensis) is a seabird native to Hawaii, known for its long migrations and distinctive flight patterns. This bird is primarily found in the open ocean, returning to the islands only to breed. With its dark plumage and white underparts, the Hawaiian Petrel is often mistaken for other petrels but can be recognized by its large, graceful wingspan and unique call.

A nocturnal breeder, the Hawaiian Petrel nests in burrows on steep, remote volcanic slopes, where it is protected from predators. They feed on squid and fish, catching their prey during nocturnal foraging flights. The species is considered vulnerable due to habitat destruction and the introduction of predators, which pose significant threats to their nesting sites.

Once abundant, the Hawaiian Petrel has seen a significant decline in numbers, largely due to habitat encroachment and the introduction of species like rats and mongooses. Conservation efforts have been put in place to protect their nesting habitats and to mitigate predation, but this seabird still faces an uncertain future.

Quick Facts

White-rumped Shama

The White-rumped Shama (Copsychus malabaricus) is a small but striking bird native to Southeast Asia. Introduced to Hawaii in the 1930s, this species has since thrived, particularly in the forests and urban areas of Oʻahu. Known for its beautiful melodious song, the male White-rumped Shama sings loudly and often, especially during the breeding season, to establish territory.

This bird is easily recognized by its dark, glossy black plumage with a contrasting white patch on the rump. It has a long, elegant tail and a slightly curved beak. Although originally from the Indian subcontinent, the White-rumped Shama has adapted well to Hawaii’s environment, feeding on insects, fruits, and berries, and has become a common sight in backyards and forest edges.

As a non-native species, the White-rumped Shama competes with native Hawaiian birds for food and nesting sites. However, it has managed to integrate well into the ecosystem and is appreciated by bird enthusiasts for its vibrant song and attractive appearance.

Quick Facts

Red-whiskered Bulbul

The Red-whiskered Bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus) is a striking bird with a unique appearance, introduced to Hawaii in the early 1900s. With its distinctive red-brown feathers and bright yellow underparts, it stands out in Hawaiian gardens and forest edges. Males have more pronounced colors, with their bright red heads contrasting beautifully with their dark wings and tails.

Native to Southeast Asia, the Red-whiskered Bulbul has adapted well to Hawaii’s varied landscapes, particularly in urban areas, parks, and agricultural lands. These birds feed primarily on fruits, nectar, and insects, often seen foraging in trees and shrubs. Their soft, melodious calls are commonly heard, especially during the breeding season.

As an introduced species, the Red-whiskered Bulbul has integrated into the Hawaiian ecosystem, though its impact on native bird populations remains a topic of discussion. Despite this, it remains a favorite among birdwatchers due to its unique appearance and active nature.

Quick Facts

Rose-Ringed Parakeet

The Rose-Ringed Parakeet (Psittacula krameri) is a vibrant, green parrot species that has become a familiar sight in Hawaii, particularly on Oʻahu. Known for its striking green plumage, long tail, and the characteristic rose-colored ring around the male’s neck, this bird stands out in both urban and natural landscapes. Males are especially easy to identify due to the bright ring, while females lack it but share the same lively, bright green body.

Native to parts of Africa and South Asia, the Rose-Ringed Parakeet was introduced to Hawaii in the 1960s, where it has since thrived. These parrots are highly social and are often seen in large flocks, feeding on fruits, seeds, and flowers. Their ability to adapt to urban environments, where they nest in trees and palm groves, has contributed to their growing population across the islands.

As an introduced species, the Rose-Ringed Parakeet competes with native birds for food and nesting sites. While they bring a splash of color and excitement to the islands, their presence has raised some concerns about their potential impact on the native bird species of Hawaii.

Quick Facts

Red-tailed Tropicbird

The Red-tailed Tropicbird (Phaethon rubricauda) is a striking seabird known for its long, graceful tail feathers and distinct red coloring. Native to the tropical and subtropical waters of the Pacific Ocean, including Hawaii, this bird is often spotted soaring along the coastlines of the islands. The Red-tailed Tropicbird is recognized for its white body, black markings on the wings, and its signature long, red tail streamers.

In Hawaii, this seabird is often seen nesting on remote cliffs and volcanic islands, where it feeds primarily on fish and squid. The Red-tailed Tropicbird is known for its acrobatic flying abilities, often performing dramatic dives to catch prey in the ocean. These birds are generally solitary or seen in small groups, making their sightings quite special for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts alike.

While the Red-tailed Tropicbird is native to Hawaii, its populations can be vulnerable due to habitat disturbances and the introduction of predators like rats and cats to nesting areas. Despite these challenges, they remain an iconic species, admired for their striking appearance and impressive flight skills.

Quick Facts

Yellow-fronted Canary

The Yellow-fronted Canary (Crithagra mozambica) is a small, vibrant bird that was introduced to Hawaii from its native regions in southern Africa. Easily recognizable by its bright yellow face and greenish body, this canary is a popular sight in gardens, parks, and coastal areas, particularly on Oʻahu and Maui. Males display the most vivid yellow, while females are more subdued, showcasing a subtle yellow tint around their heads.

Originally from southern Africa, the Yellow-fronted Canary has adapted well to Hawaii’s mild climate and abundant food sources. It feeds primarily on seeds, grasses, and occasional fruits, making it an easy and versatile bird to spot in urban and rural settings. Their cheerful, high-pitched songs add a lively atmosphere wherever they are found, particularly during the breeding season.

As a non-native species, the Yellow-fronted Canary has integrated into Hawaii’s bird population with little controversy. While it competes with some native species for resources, it has become a beloved bird for its vibrant plumage and pleasant singing.

Quick Facts

Red-footed Booby

The Red-footed Booby (Sula sula) is a unique seabird known for its striking red feet, which are especially noticeable during mating displays. Native to tropical and subtropical regions, this bird is a common sight along the coastlines of Hawaii, where it nests on cliffs, trees, and even on human-made structures. The Red-footed Booby is an excellent diver, known for plunging into the water at high speeds to catch fish.

Characterized by its white body and dark brown wings, the Red-footed Booby is one of the smallest members of the booby family. It feeds primarily on fish, which it catches using a variety of hunting techniques, including plunge diving and surface skimming. The bird’s diet also occasionally includes squid, making it an opportunistic feeder.

As a native species in Hawaii, the Red-footed Booby plays an important role in the local ecosystem. While they face some challenges due to habitat disruption and human activity, their numbers remain relatively stable, and they continue to be a fascinating species for birdwatchers to observe in the wild.

Quick Facts

The Great Frigate

The Great Frigatebird (Fregata minor) is a majestic seabird known for its impressive wingspan and striking appearance. With a wingspan of up to 8 feet, this bird is a common sight soaring over the coastal regions of Hawaii. Males are easily recognizable by their bright red throat pouch, which they inflate during mating displays, while females are more subdued with white underparts and a blackish-brown body.

Native to tropical regions, the Great Frigatebird has made its home on several Hawaiian islands, where it thrives along cliffs, beaches, and open ocean. They are expert soarers, using their large wings to glide effortlessly for hours in search of food, primarily fish, squid, and occasionally the occasional catch stolen from other seabirds. Their impressive flight skills and bold, dramatic presence make them a favorite among birdwatchers.

As a native bird in Hawaii, the Great Frigatebird plays an important role in the island’s coastal ecosystems. Though their populations are steady, they are sensitive to habitat disturbances and remain protected in Hawaii. Their majestic presence in the skies above the islands continues to captivate bird lovers and researchers alike.

Quick Facts

Laysan Albatross

The Laysan Albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis) is a majestic seabird known for its impressive wingspan and remarkable navigation skills. Native to the Hawaiian Islands, this albatross is found primarily on the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, including Midway Atoll. With wings that can stretch up to 7 feet, it is one of the largest seabirds in the world, known for its ability to glide effortlessly over vast ocean distances.

The Laysan Albatross spends most of its life at sea, returning to land only to breed. These birds feed mainly on fish, squid, and other marine life, often diving into the ocean from great heights. Their diet and incredible flight capabilities allow them to travel thousands of miles, with some individuals migrating across the Pacific Ocean.

Despite their impressive abilities, the Laysan Albatross faces threats from habitat loss, climate change, and the ingestion of plastics. Conservation efforts are ongoing to protect their breeding grounds and ensure the survival of this unique species.

Quick Facts

Frequently Asked Questions